AP Biology Worksheet: Disruptions to Ecosystems and Responses

1. Which statement best explains how adaptations arise in a population?

2. What is the likely effect of a rapid environmental change on a trait that was once beneficial?

3. A heterozygous genotype has higher fitness than either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive genotype. This scenario is an example of:

4. Why can habitat fragmentation increase extinction risk even if individuals still survive locally?

5. What best describes how invasive species can disrupt ecosystems?

6. Biomagnification most directly refers to:

7. Which outcome is most consistent with eutrophication caused by fertilizer runoff?

8. Why does climate change pose a particular challenge for many polar organisms?

9. What is the core idea behind the extinction vortex described at the end?

10. Which combination of factors matches the main human-driven drivers of modern biodiversity loss listed?

1. Mutations are _____, but natural selection is _____.

2. A(n) _____ is a variation that is selected for and provides an advantage in a particular environment.

3. Heterozygote advantage occurs when heterozygous individuals have _____ than homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive individuals.

4. Habitat fragmentation reduces gene exchange between groups, which lowers _____ and increases extinction risk.

5. Eutrophication is driven by nutrient runoff that causes excessive _____ growth, leading to oxygen depletion in aquatic ecosystems.